Oh, hi there I'm Gavin.Welcome to "The Slow Mo Guys".Today we'll be using slow motionto learn how a film camera works.A film camera for movies, not for stills.This is a 16 millimeter film camera.It's Russian.It's called a Krasnogorsk-3,which I definitely just read.And didn't have to Googlehow to pronounce it.We'll be loading up withsome 16 millimeter filmand using the Phantomto show all its magic.Imagery is usually capturedonto film through a lenswith a photo sensitive chemical reaction.You can see that the light hittingthis film has darkened it.It's a color negative film.So areas of very bright lightwill burn in a dark imageand that'll then be flippedin the development process.And you can see here,the area I left behindit's slowly darkeningas light from the room,exposes it and I can speed that up here.If you were then to develop that,you'd end up with somethingthat looks like this.First thing, I'm gonna do is loadthis bad boy with some films.I'm gonna turn the framerate down to very low,eight frames a second.Put a little bit oftension in the old spring.It's a windup camera.It's pressure plate comes out.This camera has single perf reels.So that's the type of filmwe're gonna put in it.It basically just meansthe sprocket holes downonly one side of the film,and you can fit either soundor use a format called super16 and shoot a wider imageif your camera has a wider gate.So that's the type offilm you've got here.Just a single perf 16 millimeter film.Even though the image size is differentbetween these two formats,the width of the film itselfis indeed 16 millimeters.Okay, this is now loaded,the films on this one.It's gonna be taken up by this one.So it'll end up hereand it's looped through,going through here, this pressure plateis keeping the film flatagainst the focal plane.And when running it lookssomething like this.You would never wanna usually loada film camera in such a bright room.Next thing to do, is to pop this back on.A lot of people would also tape aroundto prevent light leakage.Now that we're loaded up with filmwe can set the framerates, so we'll do 24,which is the standardrecording frame rate of film.This camera will actuallygo all the way up to 48.Okay.Lenses off.I will now use a camera,to film me using a camera,to film a camera.Here's a selfie I took on a cameraof me using a camera to film me using...All right.I've just realized I can actually takemore of this off to show more.There we go.As we learned with our Slow Mo DSLR videoa 45 degree mirror, we'll letyou look through the lens.The mirror we'll then move out of the wayrevealing the shutter doors,which also move out of the way.And the image will beexposed on the sensor.Then the shutter closes, thenthe mirror comes back down.with this film camera it'sa very similar principle.When you look through the viewfinderyou get the correct perspectivebecause you're lookingthrough the actual lens.This is done by bouncingthe image off thesebeam splitting mirrorsand off this mirror discplaced at 45 degrees, verysimilar to the stills camera.What you're seeing here,isn't the film plane.It's actually a path back tothe viewfinder on the back.This system differs slightlyfrom the DSLR in thatthis mirror doesn't move outof the way to reveal a shutterthat then opens to reveal the film plane.This mirror is the shutter itself.This is a rotary disc shutter,and this is how it works.This camera is rollingat 24 frames a second.And the gap in the shutter diskdetermines the shutter speed.For every half rotation ofthis disk, which is one frame,the film is exposed forone 60th of a secondand that is determinedby the size of the gapin the shutter there.This is what you wouldsee if you were lookingthrough the viewfinder, at mepouring water on the ground.If you could also see in slow motionthis is what it would look like.You can see here side by side,that the areas of darknessin the viewfinder are actuallythe exposures on the film.You cannot see through the viewfinderwhen light is hitting the film itself.So you're basically seeingthe opposite cycles.This is what it looks like from the insideas film is being dragged through the gate.You may remember that anymovement in your subjectwhile the shutter is openwill cause motion blurbut a DSLR sensor is stationary.If films constantlymoving, how do you avoidevery single frame being a complete bluras the film is pulled through the camera?To show you how this clever part works,I'm gonna write numbers on each frame.This is one second a filmat 24 frames a second.And we're gonna runthis through the cameraso we can see what's actuallyhappening with the film.All the slow-mo in thisvideo is being captureda thousand frames, a second in 4Kwhich is approximately 40 times slower.Here we go, one second through the camera.This is some absolutelyamazing engineering here.Every single exposureon every frame of filmthe film is perfectly stationary.And by the time the shuttercomes around for a new exposurethe film has moved without useven seeing to the next frame.In order to see how this worksI'm gonna take the disc off entirely.So you can now see the film at all times.Without the shutter, youcan see when the film moves.The whole mechanism is timed so perfectlythat as the shutter covers the filmthe film is moved down,which prevents any streakingor motion blur from the film itself.If I superimpose the shutter back onyou can see it only moveswhen it's under the mirror.This is so fascinating to me.And because the shutter andthe film pull-down speedare linked no matterwhat frame rate you shootthis will always be the case.So now I want to see the mechanismthat is pulling the film down every time.And in order to get a better view of that,I'm gonna take off this piece,which should reveal the pull-down claw.This lens makes everything look ginormous.So you can see, as I press record here,this mechanism in themiddle is leaning forwardat the top of its cycle.And as it leans forward, this clawgoes perfectly into theSprocket holes with the filmpulling it down into the perfectposition for each exposure.I'm very impressed thiscamera's still works honestly.They started production in 1971.So that's a lot of movingparts that you're askingto last half a century at this point.Just for the heck of itnow I'm going to writeframe numbers on again, butthis time for a second'sworth of film at 48 frames a second.So everything in thecamera will be workingat double the speed now.If you projected thisback at 24 frames a secondyou would get half speed slow motion.Or if you projected itback at 48 frames a secondyou get some very Hobbity looking footage.And there we have it, awonderful slow-mo lookat some old school analog tech.I love it.Did you know that therewere film cameras madethat could shoot thousandsof frames a second?Maybe we should takea look at one of thoseone of these days.If you found that video interesting,make sure you subscribe.I hope you did.I enjoyed making it.Give it a like if you wantand I'll see you in the next video.Thank you very much for watching.
